persian people physical characteristics

As the Persian Empire expanded to. Some inhabitants of Iran are not necessarily ethnic Iranians by virtue of not being speakers of Iranian languages. Although green is a rare eye color in Iran, most people with light eyes have green or light brown eyes, a fantastic combination. Average Lifespan: 12-17 years. Apparently, the Persians themselves knew the story,[27] as Xerxes I tried to use it to suborn the Argives during his invasion of Greece, but ultimately failed to do so. [70] Even though the Achaemenids had extensive contacts with the Greeks and vice versa, and had conquered many of the Greek-speaking area's both in Europe and Asia Minor during different periods of the empire, the native Old Iranian sources provide no indication of Greek linguistic evidence. Famed for its handsome architecture and verdant gardens, the city fell somewhat into disrepair in the decades following the Iranian Revolution of 197879, though efforts were later mounted to preserve historic buildings and expand the citys network of parks. These Sarmatians were also known to the Romans, who conquered the western tribes in the Balkans and sent Sarmatian conscripts, as part of Roman legions, as far west as Roman Britain. [11] The Achaemenids developed the infrastructure to support their growing influence, including the establishment of the cities of Pasargadae and Persepolis. Genetically speaking, Iranian peoples generally cluster closely with European and other Middle Eastern peoples. Although Persis (Persia proper) was only one of the provinces of ancient Iran,[28] varieties of this term (e.g., Persia) were adopted through Greek sources and used as an exonym for all of the Persian Empire for many years. [56] Other aspects of this national culture included the glorification of a great heroic past and an archaizing spirit. The Persian language is known to have one of the world's oldest and most influential literatures. They primarily live in Serbia, Kosovo, Bosnia, Croatia, Montenegro as well as in North Macedonia, Slovenia, Germany and Austria. [24][a] The earliest epigraphically attested reference to the word arya- occurs in the Bistun Inscription of the 6th century BC. [68] The Arabic term Ajam, denoting "people unable to speak properly", was adopted as a designation for non-Arabs (or non-Arabic speakers), especially the Persians. For example, around 2% of Irans population (which is majority Persian) are Arab. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. [88], Starting with the reign of Omar in 634 AD, Muslim Arabs began a conquest of the Iranian Plateau. The countrys difficulties led to the ascent in 1925 of the Pahlavi line, whose ill-planned efforts to modernize Iran led to widespread dissatisfaction and the dynastys subsequent overthrow in the revolution of 1979. The "long and narrow" skulls cannot be found farther east than the Black Sea. For the inhabitants of the modern country of, "Iranics" redirects here. Most of the population lives on the edges of this forbidding waterless waste. In Middle Persian, Shapur says "rnahr xwady hm" and in Parthian he says "arynahr xwady ahm". Related Article: 10 Basque People Physical Characteristics & Character Traits. R. G. Kent. The area around Mesopotamia was very fertile, which gave the Persians a life easier than some countries further south. Iran, a mountainous, arid, and ethnically diverse country of southwestern Asia. In the 1st millennium AD, their area of settlement, which was mainly concentrated in the steppes and deserts of Eurasia,[7] was significantly reduced as a result of Slavic, Germanic, Turkic, and Mongolic expansions; many were subjected to Slavicization[8][9][10][11] and Turkification. The thumbs-up gesture is considered rude and has the same connotation as raising one's middle finger for traditional Iranians. [56], The Parthians and the Sasanians would also extensively interact with the Romans culturally. The following are according to 1957 and later linguists: Unlike the Sanskrit rya- (Aryan), the Old Iranian term has solely an ethnic meaning. [98], Like other Indo-Europeans, the early Iranians practiced ritual sacrifice, had a social hierarchy consisting of warriors, clerics, and farmers, and recounted their deeds through poetic hymns and sagas. [74] Their territory, which was known as Sarmatia to Greco-Roman ethnographers, corresponded to the western part of greater Scythia (mostly modern Ukraine and Southern Russia, also to a smaller extent north eastern Balkans around Moldova). While the Iranian tribes of the south are better known through their texts and modern counterparts, the tribes which remained largely in the vast Eurasian expanse are known through the references made to them by the ancient Greeks, Persians, Chinese, and Indo-Aryans as well as by archaeological finds. [45] Meanwhile, under the dynasty of the Achaemenids, the Persians formed a vassal state to the central Median power. [53] It is probably better termed an archaeological complex or archaeological horizon. [15], The term Iran derives directly from Middle Persian rn / AEran () and Parthian Aryn. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Many ancient Sanskrit texts from a later period make references to such tribes they were witness of pointing them towards the southeasternmost edges of Central Asia, around the Hindukush range in northern Pakistan. [33] German scholar Martin Kummel also argues the same distinction of Iranian from Iranic.[34]. Some scholars such as John Perry prefer the term Iranic as the anthropological name for the linguistic family and ethnic groups of this category (many of which exist outside Iran), while Iranian for anything about the country Iran. Author of, Former Lecturer in Persian, University of Cambridge; Fellow of King's College, Cambridge. Herodotus recounts this story,[26] devising a foreign son, Perses, from whom the Persians took the name. Corpus inscriptionum Iranicarum Part. The vast majority of Persians practice Shite Islam. Most meals include rice, meat (usually lamb), and onions and other vegetables, all uniquely seasoned with saffron, turmeric, rose water, mint, and lime in various combinations. A dozen senators are making a bipartisan appeal to President Joe Biden to reinvigorate the power of U.S. authorities to seize Iranian oil assets, Irans foreign minister says Tehran wants Lebanon's rivals to reach an agreement to elect a new president in the crisis-hit country that has been without a head of state October, Germanys foreign minister has called on Iran to reverse a death sentence handed down to Jamshid Sharmahd, an Iranian-German dual citizen and opposition figure accused of masterminding deadly attacks, Iranian hackers broke into to a system used by a U.S. municipal government to publish election results in 2020 but were discovered by cyber soldiers operating abroad and kicked out before an attack could be launched, according to U.S. military and cybersecurity officials, In a story published April 24, 2023, about fuel shortages in Cuba, The Associated Press erroneously reported that researcher Jorge Pin said that references by Cuban authorities to difficulties with inputs could suggest a shortage of a crude oil additive that Cuba obtains from Iran. This age-old tradition was based on the idea that people should protect their family and personal name. The modern Ossetians are believed to be the direct descendants of the Alans, as other remnants of the Alans disappeared following Germanic, Hunnic and ultimately Slavic migrations and invasions. The Persian is an extreme-looking breed. The tail is short and the ears are small. In contemporary terminology, people from Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan who natively speak the Persian language are known as Tajiks, with the former two countries having their own dialects of Persian known as Dari and Tajiki, respectively; whereas those in the Caucasus (primarily in the present-day Republic of Azerbaijan and Dagestan, Russia), albeit heavily assimilated, are known as Tats. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. [65] The Medes were subsequently able to establish their Median kingdom (with Ecbatana as their royal centre) beyond their original homeland and had eventually a territory stretching roughly from northeastern Iran to the Halys River in Anatolia. Big eyes in Iran are both a beauty standard; most people have big eyes and long eyelashes, which, when combined with tan skin and black arched eyebrows, creates a stunning appearance for their eyes. [4] They share a common cultural system and are native speakers of the Persian language[6][7][8] as well as of the languages that are closely related to Persian. Identifying a Persian Cat: Physical Characteristics and Behavioral Cues. For the left-leaning italics, see. Persian (Farsi) is the predominant and official language of Iran. Old Persian is attested in the Behistun Inscription (c. 519 BC), recording a proclamation by Darius the Great. The heart of the storied Persian empire of antiquity, Iran has long played an important role in the region as an imperial power and laterbecause of its strategic position and abundant natural resources, especially petroleumas a factor in colonial and superpower rivalries. [118] The quintessential feature of Achaemenid architecture was its eclectic nature, with elements from Median architecture, Assyrian architecture, and Asiatic Greek architecture all incorporated.[119]. The Greek chronicler, Herodotus (5th century BC) makes references to a nomadic people, the Scythians; he describes them as having dwelt in what is today southern European Russia and Ukraine. Ancient Persians were known for being of a relatively large stature. All articles are edited by a PhD level academic. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. In urban areas Persian society is stratified by profession; real-estate investors and commercial entrepreneurs occupy the highest position, followed by upper-level administrators, merchants, and clergy. Omissions? [46] It is now recognised as a separate entity forming part of the 'Andronovo horizon'.[45]. However, the term Persian is still historically used to designate the predominant population of the Iranian peoples living in the Iranian cultural continent. As ancient tribes and identities changed, so did the Iranian peoples, many of whom assimilated foreign cultures and peoples.[90]. [4][5] At their peak of expansion in the mid-1st millennium BC, the territory of the Iranian peoples stretched across the entire Eurasian Steppe, from the Great Hungarian Plain in the west to the Ordos Plateau in the east and the Iranian Plateau in the south.[6]. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Analyzed samples of Iranian Persians, Kurds, Azeris, Lurs, Mazanderanis, Gilaks and Arabs cluster tightly together, forming a single cluster known as the CIC (Central Iranian cluster). Its length is some 615 miles (990 km), and its width varies from a maximum of about 210 miles (340 km) to a minimum of 35 miles (55 km . IRANIAN LANGUAGES AND SCRIPTS (2) Documentation", "ARABIC LANGUAGE v. Arabic Elements in Persian", "ARCHITECTURE vi. The region that is now known as Iran was traditionally known as Persia, with roots as a distinctive culture and society dating to the Achaemenian period, which began in 550 BCE. Achaemenid architecture, dating from the expansion of the empire around 550 BC, flourished in a period of artistic growth that left a legacy ranging from Cyrus the Great's solemn tomb at Pasargadae to the structures at Persepolis and Naqsh-e Rostam. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. [52][53] At the peak of its power, under the infamous Mithridates VI the Great, the Kingdom of Pontus also controlled Colchis, Cappadocia, Bithynia, the Greek colonies of the Tauric Chersonesos, and for a brief time the Roman province of Asia. Geographically, much of Iran consists of a central desert plateau, which is ringed on all sides by lofty mountain ranges that afford access to the interior through high passes. [72] A series of Muslim Iranian kingdoms were later established on the fringes of the declining Abbasid Caliphate, including that of the ninth-century Samanids, under the reign of whom the Persian language was used officially for the first time after two centuries of no attestation of the language,[73] now having received the Arabic script and a large Arabic vocabulary. Persian, predominant ethnic group of Iran (formerly known as Persia). [20][21] Historically, however, the terms Tajik and Tat were used synonymously and interchangeably with Persian. Nrz starts on the last Wednesday of the old year and continues until the 13th day of the new year. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). We cite peer reviewed academic articles wherever possible and reference our sources at the end of our articles. The Turkic peoples slowly replaced and assimilated the previous Iranian-speaking locals, turning the population of Central Asia from largely Iranian, into primarily of East Asian descent. Persian cats are medium-sized, usually weigh between seven and 12 pounds, and measure from 10-15 inches tall. National Museum of Iran, Tehran. Characterized by its quadripartite (rbq) design, the Persian garden was evolved and developed into various forms throughout history,[120] and was also adopted in various other cultures in Eurasia. [16] The Middle Iranian terms rn and aryn are oblique plural forms of gentilic r- (in Middle Persian) and ary- (in Parthian), both deriving from Old Persian ariya- (), Avestan airiia- () and Proto-Iranian *arya-.[16][17]. An alliance of the Medes with the Persians, and rebelling Babylonians, Scythians, Chaldeans, and Cimmerians, helped the Medes to capture Nineveh in 612 BC, which resulted in the eventual collapse of the Neo-Assyrian Empire by 605 BC. However, "traditional" or "doll-face" Persian cats have pointier features like their ancestors. [20][28], The Avesta clearly uses airiia- as an ethnic name (Videvdat 1; Yasht 13.14344, etc. [86] The oldest attested text written in Old Persian is from the Behistun Inscription,[87] a multilingual inscription from the time of Achaemenid ruler Darius the Great carved on a cliff in western Iran. Pahlavi, before World War II", "FRS iv. [47] It is probably the archaeological manifestation of the Indo-Iranian language group. The division into an "Eastern" and a "Western" group by the early 1st millennium is visible in Avestan vs. Old Persian, the two oldest known Iranian languages. Sintashta material culture also shows the influence of the late Abashevo culture, a collection of Corded Ware settlements in the forest steppe zone north of the Sintashta region that were also predominantly pastoralist. [104], Nowadays, most Iranian people follow Islam (Sunnism, followed by Shi'ism), with minorities following Christianity, Judaism, Mandaeism, Iranian religions and various levels of irreligion. Even today, this has remained a prominent feature of Persian characteristics, where most men are around 179cm or 5.9 feet tall. H. W. Bailey, "Arya" in Encyclopedia Iranica. History in the Qajar and Pahlavi Periods", "Hazara community finds safe haven in Peshawar", "Iranian Nationalism and Zoroastrian Identity", "Iran vi. Sociolinguistic Status of Lori", "TAJIK i. [20] Many influential Persian figures hailed from outside of Iran's present-day bordersto the northeast in Afghanistan and Central Asia, and to a lesser extent within the Caucasus proper to the northwest. Related Article: 10 Celtic People Physical Characteristics And Traits. [25] In the Bible, particularly in the books of Daniel, Esther, Ezra, and Nehemya, it is given as Prs ( ). Quiz, Central Intelligence Agency - The World Factbook - Iran, Encyclopaedia Iranica - Neolithic age in Iran, Iran - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Iran - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Be tough in seizing Iran oil, bipartisan senators urge Biden, Iran urges Lebanese sides to reach agreement over president, German FM condemns death sentence for citizen in Iran, US cyberwarriors thwarted 2020 Iran election hacking attempt, push to pacify economic unrest through repression. So, now that you know about some of the common characteristics of the Persian people, you may begin to notice that you have something in common with them. Persian holidays are occasions for enjoying local foods. You can be Iranian and not necessarily be Persian. This page was last edited on 28 April 2023, at 00:44. A number of languages and dialects from three language familiesIndo-European, Altaic, and Afro-Asiaticare also spoken. An Iranian cultural renaissance in the late 8th century led to a reawakening of Persian literary culture, though the Persian language was now highly Arabized and in Arabic script, and native Persian Islamic dynasties began to appear with the rise of the hirids in the early 9th century. [10][38] The ninth-century BC Neo-Assyrian inscription of the Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III, found at Nimrud, gives it in the Late Assyrian forms Parsua and Parsuma as a region and a people located in the Zagros Mountains, the latter likely having migrated southward and transferred the name of the region with them to what would become Persis (Persia proper, i.e., modern-day Fars), and that is considered to be the earliest attestation to the ancient Persian people. [64][65][66] Cappadocia in Late Antiquity, now well into the Roman era, still retained a significant Iranian character; Stephen Mitchell notes in the Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity: "Many inhabitants of Cappadocia were of Persian descent and Iranian fire worship is attested as late as 465".[67]. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City. Pg 118, pg 166, The "Aryan" Language, Gherardo Gnoli, Instituto Italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente, Roma, 2002, N. Sims-Williams, "Further notes on the Bactrian inscription of Rabatak, with the Appendix on the name of Kujula Kadphises and VimTatku in Chinese". The Tat people, an Iranian people native to the Caucasus (primarily living in the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Russian republic of Dagestan), speak a language (Tat language) that is closely related to Persian. The Persian people are one of the oldest civilizations that still inhabit their homeland. Dalby, Andrew (2004), Dictionary of Languages, Bloomsbury. [48] Its legacy and impact on the kingdom of Macedon was also notably huge,[14] even for centuries after the withdrawal of the Persians from Europe following the Greco-Persian Wars.[14]. [19] Old Persian written works are attested on several inscriptions from between the 6th and the 4th centuries BC, and Middle Persian literature is attested on inscriptions from the Parthian and Sasanian eras and in Zoroastrian and Manichaean scriptures from between the 3rd to the 10th century AD. Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto. [80] Persian people worked as dress and costume makers, craftspeople and merchants, and even government . However, little information is available from the music of that era. With the fall of the Safavids in 1736, rule passed into the hands of several short-lived dynasties leading to the rise of the Qjr line in 1796. Persian villages often pride themselves on the unique designs and high quality of their carpets, most of which display the typical geometric figures and floral designs prevalent in Muslim visual art. "Like most Persian dialects, Tati is not very regular in its characteristic features ()". [117] The Bam Citadel, a massive structure at 1,940,000 square feet (180,000m2) constructed on the Silk Road in Bam, is from around the 5th century BC. He uses the same analogue as in differentiating German from Germanic or differentiating Turkish and Turkic. [102] Zoroastrianism, a form of the ancient Iranian religion that is still practiced by some communities,[103] was later developed and spread to nearly all of the Iranian peoples living in the Iranian Plateau. Due to recent migrations, there are also large communities of speakers of Iranian languages in Europe, the Americas. The Iranian New Year's Day, Nowruz, which translates to "new day", is celebrated by Persians and other peoples of Iran to mark the beginning of spring on the vernal equinox on the first day of Farvardin, the first month of the Iranian calendar, which corresponds to around March 21 in the Gregorian calendar. In rural areas, which are largely agrarian, social stratification is much less marked. This article will discuss five physical characteristics and five stereotypical traits of the Persian people. There are several ethnic groups and communities that are either ethnically or linguistically related to the Persian people, living predominantly in Iran, and also within Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, the Caucasus, Turkey, Iraq, and the Arab states of the Persian Gulf.[88]. This article was most recently revised and updated by. Although of diverse ancestry, the Persian people are united by their language, Persian (Farsi), which belongs to the Indo-Iranian group of the Indo-European language family. Live Science - Who were the ancient Persians. [32], All this evidence shows that the name Arya was a collective definition, denoting peoples who were aware of belonging to the one ethnic stock, speaking a common language, and having a religious tradition that centered on the cult of Ohrmazd.[20]. With her elegant long, silky hair, distinctive round face, and sweet personality, this feline is among the most popular cat breeds in the country. [49] In Lydia (the most important Achaemenid satrapy), near Sardis, there was the Hyrcanian plain, which, according to Strabo, got its name from the Persian settlers that were moved from Hyrcania. [106][107] Moreover, various Turkic-speaking ethnic groups of the Iranian Plateau are often conversant also in an Iranian language and embrace Iranian culture to the extent that the term Turko-Iranian would be applied. The Persian is usually a medium sized cat, although she is massive and heavily boned. More than a century later, a prince of Macedon (which itself was a subject to Persia from the late 6th century BC up to the First Persian invasion of Greece) later known by the name of Alexander the Great, overthrew the incumbent Persian king, by which the Achaemenid Empire was ended. Iran is bounded to the north by Azerbaijan, Armenia, Turkmenistan, and the Caspian Sea; to the east by Pakistan and Afghanistan; to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman; and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. I agree to some extent. It is believed that these Scythians were conquered by their eastern cousins, the Sarmatians, who are mentioned by Strabo as the dominant tribe which controlled the southern Russian steppe in the 1st millennium AD. Iranian culture is today considered to be centered in what is called the Iranian Plateau, and has its origins tracing back to the Andronovo culture of the late Bronze Age, which is associated with other cultures of the Eurasian Steppe. The nose itself is actually seen as a beautiful feature of most Persians, especially females. Dairy products, especially yogurt, also are characteristic of Persian cuisine. Ancient Iranian goddess Anahita depicted on a Sasanian silver vessel. [121] Gardens assumed an important place for the Achaemenid monarchs,[120] and utilized the advanced Achaemenid knowledge of water technologies,[122] including aqueducts, earliest recorded gravity-fed water rills, and basins arranged in a geometric system. A thriving contemporary Persian literature has also been formed by the works of writers such as Ahmad Shamlou, Forough Farrokhzad, Mehdi Akhavan-Sales, Parvin E'tesami, Sadegh Hedayat, and Simin Daneshvar, among others. In addition to the Zoroastrians, Persian adherents of the Bah faith (which originated in Iran) constitute a tiny minority of the population, their religion having been strongly discouraged by the Muslim government. Another prominent feature found among Persian peoples is almond shaped eyes. [69] Although the term had developed a derogatory meaning and implied cultural and ethnic inferiority, it was gradually accepted as a synonym for "Persian"[68][70][71] and still remains today as a designation for the Persian-speaking communities native to the modern Arab states of the Middle East. Iranian languages and scripts (2) Documentation", "General Assembly Recognizes 21 March as International Day of Nowruz, Also Changes to 2324 March Dialogue on Financing for Development - Meetings Coverage and Press Releases", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Persians&oldid=1149033509, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, "Related ethnic groups" needing confirmation, Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters, Articles containing Old Persian (ca. But note that these are stereotypes only. Proceedings of the Third European Conference of Iranian Studies (Cambridge, September 1995). The name of this region was adopted by a nomadic ancient Iranian people who migrated to the region in the west and southwest of Lake Urmia, eventually becoming known as "the Persians". Architectural elements from the time of Iran's ancient Persian empires have been adopted and incorporated in later period. The region fell under the sway of successive waves of Persian, Turkish, and Mongol conquerors until the rise of the Safavids, who introduced Twelver Shiism as the official creed, in the early 16th century. [39][40][41][42][43], The ancient Persians played a major role in the downfall of the Neo-Assyrian Empire. Parthian, London, P. Lund, Humphries 19762001, R.W. canal noun artificial waterway. some of the largest rivers; the Dniestr and Dniepr), as well as loanwords adopted predominantly through the Eastern Slavic languages and adopted aspects of Iranian culture amongst the early Slavs, are all a remnant of this. 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