main features of bhakti movement

Devotion to Shiva is associated with his frequent manifestations on earthin which he can appear as anyone, even a tribal hunter, a Dalit (formerly called an untouchable), or a Muslim. He used to enchant songs and poems for Lord Krishna, resulting in an uprising in Vaishnavism. Unity of God or one God though known by different names. Nanaks teachings emancipated his followers to break the social shackles and caste system of Indian society. Many people suggest that Ramanuja travelled from Chola to Mysore and established the Vaishnav group before their death. Following are the major changes that took place during and after the Bhakti movement: 1. [87], Jeaneane Fowler states that the concepts of Nirguna and Saguna Brahman, at the root of Bhakti movement theosophy, underwent more profound development with the ideas of Vedanta school of Hinduism, particularly those of Adi Shankara's Advaita Vedanta, Ramanuja's Vishishtadvaita Vedanta, and Madhvacharya's Dvaita Vedanta. With supreme devotion to the Almighty one could realize Him. For instance the followers of Kabir came to be known as Kabir Panthis. Image Guidelines 4. Terms of Service 7. Eventually, many religious groups came in their support and moved from one place to another, enchanting poems and songs to devote to God. Later on, the movement took a new direction by evolving the devotion to God, i.e., Lord Krishna. Bhakti movement swept over India in the east and north since the 15th century. 2. Bhakti, intense love and devotion, the only way to salvation. began a new chapter in the Indian society. Thus Bhakti is one of the three recognized means of achieving salvation. They brought necessaryprinciples of the Bhakti movementthat could convince many to urge on the path of devotion, love and tenacity. Under the impact of the Muslim rule, the Hindus had suffered a lot materially, morally and spiritually. By the 15th century A.D. it was a prominent movement to reckon with both socially and culturally and left a lasting influence on the people. He who has highest Bhakti (love, devotion)[23] of Deva (God), This aspect of tenacity and sheer devotion turned many minds to breaking peoples superstitious beliefs about the lower-caste category. [7] Salvation which was previously considered attainable only by men of Brahmin, Kshatriya and Vaishya castes, became available to everyone. [19] Bhakti movement in Hinduism refers to ideas and engagement that emerged in the medieval era on love and devotion to religious concepts built around one or more gods and goddesses. In other words, they emphasized upon the unity of Godhead. 3. Salient Features of Bhakti Movement 1. Bhakti movement constitutes a very important chapter in the socio-cultural history of India. Bhakti, intense love and devotion, the only way to salvation. Local colour, also known as regional literature, is fiction and poetry which emphasises characters, dialects, customs, landscape, and other characteristics that seem to be unique to a given area. A person was free to choose his ways and means to worship a god. I found the nine treasures within my body, [1] It swept over east and north India from the 15th century onwards, reaching its zenith between the 15th and 17th century CE. [23], Doris Srinivasan[30] states that the Upanishad is a treatise on theism, but it creatively embeds a variety of divine images, an inclusive language that allows "three Vedic definitions for a personal deity". An objection to blind faith, ceremonies, norms and rituals. Observing fasts, going on pilgrimages, reading namaz or worshipping deities were totally useless if they were not done with purity of thought or a sense of surrender to God. Explain the essential aspects of the Bhakti Movement in the main body. [128][129] Arti and devotional prayer ceremonies are also found in Ravidassia sect, previously part of Sikhism. This website uses cookies and third party services. Devotion to the goddesses is more regional and local, expressed in temples and in festivals devoted to Durga, Kali, Shitala (goddess of smallpox), Lakshmi (goddess of good fortune), and many others. Condemnation of rituals, ceremonies and blind faith. They range from the 7th to 9th century, with Muslim traders settling in coastal regions of the Indian peninsula, to Muslims seeking asylum in Tamil Nadu, to raids in northwest India by, Karen Pechelis (2011), "Bhakti Traditions", in. Terms of Service 7. HistoryDiscussion.net All rights reserved. So subsequent Bhakti literatures were compiled in these languages and many Musilm writers also translated Sanskrit works into regional languages. This helped to bring the two communities nearer. The spirit of tolerance, harmony and mutual respect which was inaugurated by the Bhakti saints had another everlasting impact the emergence of a new cult of worship by both Hindus and Muslims. This marked the beginning of an era of Muslim hegemony in India that lasted far into the 1700s. We will also learn about regional development functions and their significant role in social life. Answer: The term Bhakti which means devotion, originated as a news of worshipping God. He approached the Indian society to bring unity in God and not differentiate any of them. The poets way of immortalizing love was praised by many, giving a new direction to the Bhakti. Get answers to the most common queries related to the Railway Examination Preparation. image source: file2.answcdn.com/answ-cld/image/upload/w_760,c_fill,g_faces:center,q_60/v1400865382/aq7aucv9yoo1k2slaob0.jpg. bringing about reforms in Hinduism and developing harmonious relations between the Hindus and the Muslims. (4) A large number of temples and idols of the Hindus had been destroyed by the Muslims and the people had to resort to Bhakti movement. [60][61][62] This literature includes the writings of the Alvars and Nayanars, poems of Andal,[63] Basava,[64] Bhagat Pipa,[65] Allama Prabhu, Akka Mahadevi, Kabir, Guru Nanak (founder of Sikhism),[64] Tulsidas, Nabha Dass,[66] Gusainji, Ghananand,[63] Ramananda (founder of Ramanandi Sampradaya), Ravidass, Sripadaraja, Vyasatirtha, Purandara Dasa, Kanakadasa, Vijaya Dasa, Six Goswamis of Vrindavan,[67] Raskhan,[68] Ravidas,[64] Jayadeva Goswami,[63] Namdev,[64] Eknath, Tukaram, Mirabai,[42] Ramprasad Sen,[69] Sankardev,[70] Vallabha Acharya,[64] Narsinh Mehta,[71] Gangasati[72] and the teachings of saints like Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. The three highest contributions in the Sikh scripture of non-Sikh bhagats were from Bhagat Kabir (292 hymns), Bhagat Farid (134 hymns), and Bhagat Namdev (60 hymns). These were. They condemned several social evils. Although, the, played a vital role in the revolution of medieval India. [102] Bhakti temples and matha (Hindu monasteries) of India adopted social functions such as relief to victims after a natural disaster, helping the poor and marginal farmers, providing community labor, feeding houses for the poor, free hostels for poor children and promoting folk culture. I swear by Rama. A brief summary of the main features of the movement are given below. This movement originated in South India in the 7 th and 10 th CE, mostly in the poems of Alvars and Nayanars. Bhakti, a state of deep love and devotion, is the only way to attain salvation. The movement encouraged religious toleration. Its real impact was felt when prominent saints like Kabir, Nanak and Shri Chaitanya spread the ideas of fraternity, equality and love inherent in both the religions. 10. [54] According to Pande, the psychological impact of Muslim conquest may have initially contributed to community-style bhakti by Hindus. Kabir Everyone knows about Sant Kabir Das and the heartwarming Dohas he has given to the world. For example. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. And the word Bhakti can be translated as devotion or devotional love. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The saints of Bhakti movement and the Sufi saints spread message of friendship, amity, tolerance, peace and equality among all. Knowledge (Jana) was recognisedas a constituent of bhakti by the Bhakti saints of both North and South India. Originating in Tamilakam during 6th century CE, it gained prominence through the poems and teachings of the Vaishnava Alvars and Shaiva Nayanars before spreading northwards. The concept was only to propel the Indian society to devote their life for the sake of love, devotion, and equity. Rejection of idol worship by many saints 7. On the philosophical front, both the Saguna and the Nirguna adhered to the Upanishadic doctrine of Advaita, with slight variations provided by various Bhakti saints. [54] Yet other scholars state that Muslim invasions, their conquering of Hindu Bhakti temples in south India and seizure/melting of musical instruments such as cymbals from local people, was in part responsible for the later relocation or demise of singing Bhakti traditions in the 18th century. sent through you? just like his Deva, so for his Guru (teacher), It highlighted the importance of acquiring money via hard effort and honest ways. Sufism, however, gained prominence in the 10th and 11th centuries during the reign of the Delhi Sultanate. Self-Surrender. 5. However, the real development of Bhakti took place in South India between the 7th and the 12th centuries through the teachings of poet saints known as Alvars and Nayanar whose hymns were collected and compiled in the 10th century. In Bengal the love of God was considered analogous to the sentiments involved in human relationships, such as those felt by a servant toward his master, a friend toward a friend, a parent toward a child, a child toward a parent, and a woman toward her beloved. The thirteen Hindu bhagats whose hymns were entered into the text, were poet saints of the Bhakti movement, and included Namdev, Pipa, Ravidas, Beni, Bhikhan, Dhanna, Jayadeva, Parmanand, Sadhana, Sain, Surdas, Trilochan, while the two Muslim bhagats were Kabir and Sufi saint Farid. Equality of men or universal brotherhood was another cardinal philosophy of the Bhakti cult. 6. The Bhakti reformers believed in freedom from the cycle of life and death and preached that salvation could be attained only by deep devotion and faith in God. According to the Bhagavadgita, a Hindu religious text, the path of bhakti, or bhakti-marga, is superior to the two other religious approaches, the path of knowledge (jnana) and the path of ritual and good . They emphasized the self-surrender for obtaining the bliss and grace of God. Nirguna Bhakti adherents rejected idol worship. Their efforts helped in the promotion o Answer: Only one God exists. It pointed out the virtues of contentment and self control. Question 3: What were the main features of Bhakti? Prof Srivastav remarks. Several harmful habits had crept into Hindu culture over time. [85] In Bhakti, the emphasis is reciprocal love and devotion, where the devotee loves God, and God loves the devotee. Some people would call it a reform of Hinduism that up until that point focused on the somewhat arcane rituals of the Vedas. In Gods sight, everyone is comparable. In the 16th century Tulsidass Hindi retelling of the Rama legend in the Ramcharitmanas (Sacred Lake of the Acts of Rama) focused on the sentiment of friendship and loyalty. The most important social impact of the Bhakti movement was that the followers of the Bhakti movement rejected the caste distinction. a helpless target for the cool southern breeze. The Sur Empire was an Afghan administration that controlled an enormous region in northern India for almost 16 years, somewhere in the range of 1540 and 1556. That God is one single entity, with different names. Nanaks teachings emancipated his followers to break the social shackles and caste system of Indian society. [8][9][10] Bhakti movement preached using the local languages so that the message reached the masses. The Bhakti movement succeeded to a very small extent in realizing its two-fold objective i.e. Karma marga Attaining salvation through food deeds like doing services to the needy people; Positive principles of truthfulness, non-violence, harmony, morality and humanistic values were their creed and motto. [85] Saguna bhakta's poetry were Prema-shrayi, or with roots in love. They tried to remove the evils of Hindu society and gave it new energy and life. In this article, we will learn about the significance of temples and monastic institutions. In the devotional literature the word is used to mean unquestionable faith and utter devotion to God. image source: hinduhumanrights.info/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/VIKHANASA-RISHI.jpg. The Bhakti movement was fundamentally monotheistic, with adherents worshipping a single personal God who may have aform (saguna) or be formless (nirguna). [47] Early Tamil-Siva bhakti poets influenced Hindu texts that came to be revered all over India. 8. 2. , including Ramanuja, Chaitanya, Jaidev, Kabir, Ramanand, believed in the unity of God. There was a lot of caste and class distinction. There is only one God with different names. [100] Of community kitchen concepts, the vegetarian Guru ka Langar introduced by Nanak became a well-established institution over time, starting with northwest India, and expanding to everywhere Sikh communities are found. A true guru was the main source to attain God. Richard Kieckhefer and George Bond (1990). The Bhakti movement brought them hope and support and inner strength to save themselves. The paths of Gnana marga and Karma marga were difficult for them to practise in day to day life. God could only be found by love, dedication, and complete submission to his will, not via ceremonies, procedures, and idol worship. Therefore, one should constantly chant the Hare Krishna Mahamantra, - Hare Krishna Hare Krishna Krishna Krishna Hare Hare, Hare Rama Hare Rama Rama Rama Hare Hare. Brotherhood: image source: 1.bp.blogspot.com/VF0nYX3AIw/Tb6QyX87rcI/AAAAAAAAACM/F1zxyOf7jE8/s1600/shiva.jpg. [46] The Panchasakha Balarama Dasa, Achyutananda, Jasobanta Dasa, Ananta Dasa and Jagannatha Dasa (Odia poet) preaching Bhakti by doing mass sankritana across the Odisha before Chaitanya's arrival. Thus in a general sense Bhakti means devotion to God. 3. The medieval period witnessed many revivalist movements in Hinduism under different sages and saints. [85], The Bhakti movement led to devotional transformation of medieval Hindu society, wherein Vedic rituals or alternatively ascetic monk-like lifestyle for moksha gave way to individualistic loving relationship with a personally defined god. But as Dr Sukumar Sen has pointed out "Assamese Brajabuli seems to have developed through direct connection with Mithila" (.

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