william the conqueror gray family

A.P. Edwin and Morcar submitted, but William continued on to York, building York and Nottingham Castles before returning south. He finally crossed the Thames at Wallingford in early December. Robert was accused by some writers of killing Richard, a plausible but now unprovable charge. He marched to the River Tees, ravaging the countryside as he went. Edgar, having lost much of his support, fled to Scotland,[98] where King Malcolm III was married to Edgar's sister Margaret. Burkes Peerage says: "The family of Gray is of great antiquity William placed supporters in charge of these new fortifications among them William Peverel at Nottingham and Henry de Beaumont at Warwick. Brief History of the Royal Family CGP Grey Earl of Kent, Chief of the ancient and illustrious house of Gray, so dignified [2], There are indications that Robert may have been briefly betrothed to a daughter of King Cnut, but no marriage took place. Harold stopped in London, and was there for about a week before marching to Hastings, so it is likely that he spent about a week on his march south, averaging about 27 miles (43 kilometres) per day,[81] for the distance of approximately 200 miles (320 kilometres). Owain received 10,000 marks (L6,666) ransom for him. from tree Kittredge Family Tree (Private) Birth. The list below shows descent from William the Conqueror (see Descendants of William I of England for another list). Henry led the main thrust through the county of vreux, while the other wing, under the king's brother Odo, invaded eastern Normandy. The administrative machinery of Normandy, England, and Maine continued to exist separate from the other lands, with each one retaining its own forms. It was an annual tax based on the value of landholdings, and it could be collected at differing rates. died January 1, 1515. [65] William's western border was thus secured, but his border with Brittany remained insecure. More difficulties struck in 1083 when William's son Robert rebelled once more with support from the French king. But William was not finished; he marched over the Pennines during the winter and defeated the remaining rebels at Shrewsbury before building Chester and Stafford Castles. He died in early July at Nicea, on his way back to Normandy. [107][r] Philip, although thwarted in this attempt, turned his attentions to Brittany, leading to a revolt in 1075. Regarding the Grays of Scotland being of the same family, Nesbits says, coin. Not an insignificant sum!! For example, England continued the use of writs, which were not known on the continent. She was a nobody, likely the daughter of a tanner and far, far below his father's station. After hurried consultations, the allegation was shown to be true, and the man was compensated. the private press of Frederick Arthur Crisp, Grove Park, Denmark Hill, King Philip of France later relieved the siege and defeated William at the Battle of Dol in 1076, forcing him to retreat back to Normandy. [49], There are records of two tutors for William during the late 1030s and early 1040s, but the extent of his literary education is unclear. . Another concern was the death of Count Baldwin VI of Flanders in July 1070, which led to a succession crisis as his widow, Richilde, was ruling for their two young sons, Arnulf and Baldwin. In the Department of Haute-Saone, there is now a town William also benefited from his campaign in Brittany by securing the support of some Breton nobles who went on to support the invasion of England in 1066. Born in the United States. A papal embassy arrived in England during this period, asking that William do fealty for England to the papacy, a request that he rejected. Born around 1028, William was the illegitimate son of Duke Robert I of Normandy, and Herleve (also known as Arlette), daughter of a tanner in Falaise. As one of . The first of this line Waltham Abbey, which had been founded by Harold, later claimed that his body had been secretly buried there. [60] The trip is unlikely given William's absorption in warfare with Anjou at the time. William the Conqueror - Life, Death & Facts - Biography left Tiverton to settle all across the country. The remaining earls Edwin (of Mercia), Morcar (of Northumbria), and Waltheof (of Northampton) were confirmed in their lands and titles. remained in the hands of the Grey family until the Marcher Lords were abolished William becomes King of England. [54], William cultivated close relations with the church in his duchy. He was of Viking extraction. town report or directory are about all there is. Sam Mrs Thomas Houghton (Born 1551) 5775 People 13 Records 25 Sources. Gray, had become proprietors of the island of Nantasket in Boston Harbor a royal commission set up by William in 1085-86), as lord of many manors [80] He probably learned of William's landing while he was travelling south. Lord Gray made also a separate entail of his estate, upon which there passed a charter under the great seal, in favours of William master of Gray, * and the heirs-male procreate or to be procreate betwixt him and Anne mistress of Gray, (therein designed daughter and heiress of Andrew . English resistance had also begun, with Eadric the Wild attacking Hereford and revolts at Exeter, where Harold's mother Gytha was a focus of resistance. They served their country William was the son of the unmarried Duke Robert I of Normandy and his mistress Herleva. William the Conqueror - Ancestry.com [2] He also relied on the clergy for advice, including Lanfranc, a non-Norman who rose to become one of William's prominent ecclesiastical advisors in the late 1040s and remained so throughout the 1050s and 1060s. [50] He was strong enough to draw bows that others were unable to pull and had great stamina. A descendant or member of the same family became Chamberlain His illegitimate status and his youth caused some difficulties for him after he succeeded his father, as did the anarchy which plagued the first years of his rule. Although Simon was a supporter of William, the Vexin was actually under the overlordship of King Philip, which is why Philip secured control of the county when Simon became a monk. "Gray Lord Gray in Scotland, same arms as My Lord Gray of Wark and The elder John de Gray had a son, Henry The family of Gray or Grey, says Burke in his peerages, claims descent that John Gray was not native to Stapleford Tawney, but was only a resident The name Gray is of local origin, or, it follows the name of a place Permanent Scandinavian settlement occurred before 911, when Rollo, one of the Viking leaders, and King Charles the Simple of France reached an agreement ceding the county of Rouen to Rollo. The exact date of William's birth is confused by contradictory statements by the Norman chroniclers. The other, the De obitu Willelmi, or On the Death of William, has been shown to be a copy of two 9th-century accounts with names changed. An early documented person was Anchetil de Greye - a vassal of William the Conqueror of Normandy (now part of France) and who accompan. Family visits Group . Harold assembled an army and a fleet to repel William's anticipated invasion force, deploying troops and ships along the English Channel for most of the summer. In 1064 William invaded Brittany in a campaign that remains obscure in its details. of Tiverton had a son William whose son Robert was the discoverer of the As King Edward's heir, he controlled all of the former royal lands. [2] Orderic Vitalis records that William tried to learn to read Old English late in life, but he was unable to devote sufficient time to the effort and quickly gave up. Edward IV married Elizabeth Gray, the widow of Sir John One became a nun, and the other, Matilda, married, How illegitimacy was viewed by the church and lay society was undergoing a change during this period. After waiting a short while, William secured Dover, parts of Kent, and Canterbury, while also sending a force to capture Winchester, where the royal treasury was. Thomas Gray were living there in 1579. As William is an 11th generation descendant of Charlemagne (747-814), the people below also descend from . Although some of the newly rich Normans in England came from William's close family or from the upper Norman nobility, others were from relatively humble backgrounds. at Salem, Boston, Plymouth and Yarmouth and in the provinces of Connecticut as Although Alexander did give papal approval to the conquest after it succeeded, no other source claims papal support prior to the invasion. correspond with John of Stapleford, as his eldest child was born in 1608. [2] William then marched to Southwark, across the Thames from London, which he reached in late November. William the Conqueror Details individual; ruler; French; British; Male. Gray instead of Grey is almost universally used in the different branches Henry was still a minor, however, and Sweyn was more likely to support Harold, who could then help Sweyn against the Norwegian king, so these claims should be treated with caution. The diploma is dated 8th January 1639, * which was afterwards ratified in parliament, 17th November 1641. Descendants Park Street Congregational Church, Boston. His sons also lost much of their control over Maine, which revolted in 1089 and managed to remain mostly free of Norman influence thereafter. William of Jumiges claimed that Harold was killed by the duke. The chronicler also claimed that the duke secured the support of Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, and King Sweyn II of Denmark. The Bayeux Tapestry has been claimed to show Harold's death by an arrow to the eye, but that may be a later reworking of the tapestry to conform to 12th-century stories in which Harold was slain by an arrow wound to the head. The seal shows a mounted knight and is the first extant example of an. [72] Harold's claim to the throne was not entirely secure, as there were other claimants, perhaps including his exiled brother Tostig. of Sir Thomas of Berwick and Chillingham. A Marcher Lordship passed from an Owain to son-in-law John Charleton. Lady Jane Gray(Queen of England for several days only) was a direct decendant. Gilbert was killed within months, and another guardian, Turchetil, was also killed around the time of Gilbert's death. Usually, this was a member of William's close family frequently his half-brother Odo or his wife Matilda. [13] Conditions in Normandy were unsettled, as noble families despoiled the Church and Alan III of Brittany waged war against the duchy, possibly in an attempt to take control. In England and Ireland Grey is still used, in Scotland came to the rope makers shop where Sam worked and asked for a job. Central to the control of Maine were the holdings of the Bellme family, who held Bellme on the border of Maine and Normandy, as well as the fortresses at Alenon and Domfront. [32], On the death of Hugh of Maine, Geoffrey Martel occupied Maine in a move contested by William and King Henry; eventually, they succeeded in driving Geoffrey from the county, and in the process, William had been able to secure the Bellme family strongholds at Alenon and Domfront for himself. was a son of Gray in Chillingham, Northumberland, England, who came to [112], The exact reason for the rebellion is unclear, but it was launched at the wedding of Ralph to a relative of Roger, held at Exning in Suffolk. His conquest had major implications for the history of both regions, from displacing much of the pre-Conquest Anglo-Saxon nobility to reshaping the English language.. William's early life. near the throne. Samuel Gray, son of Edward of Tiverton, moved to Boston and could be He made arrangements for the governance of England in early 1067 before returning to Normandy. William I the Conqueror King of England (1028-1087) FamilySearch His holdings included nine thirtieths of the It [20] The support given to the exiled English princes in their attempt to return to England in 1036 shows that the new duke's guardians were attempting to continue his father's policies,[2] but Archbishop Robert's death in March 1037 removed one of William's main supporters, and conditions in Normandy quickly descended into chaos. himself there. Robert and Pardon who left a record for all to see. de Gray, (III) John from whom the most illustrious branches of the house [127], By William's death, after weathering a series of rebellions, most of the native Anglo-Saxon aristocracy had been replaced by Norman and other continental magnates. William The Conqueror Family Tree To Present Day Check All Members List They succeeded in capturing an Angevin fortress but accomplished little else. Other sons were granted earldoms later: Gyrth as Earl of East Anglia in 1057 and Leofwine as Earl of Kent sometime between 1055 and 1057. Some of the native abbots were also deposed, both at the council held near Easter and at a further one near Whitsun. This second force defeated the invaders at the Battle of Mortemer. While his father Robert was the Duke of Normandy, his mother was no duchess. Local nobles resisted the claim, but William invaded and by 1064 had secured control of the area. [29] Although the Battle of Val-s-Dunes marked a turning point in William's control of the duchy, it was not the end of his struggle to gain the upper hand over the nobility. On his father's death in 1035, William was recognised by his family as the heir - an . One story implicates Earl Godwin of Wessex in Alfred's subsequent death, but others blame Harold. of John included John Lord Grey of Groby who married Elizabeth Wydville, On his southbound journey, he began constructing Lincoln, Huntingdon, and Cambridge Castles. [2] The legates and the king then proceeded to hold a series of ecclesiastical councils dedicated to reforming and reorganising the English church. Nevertheless, despite all the high-tech stuff, you can't beat good old text! William of Poitiers wrote glowingly of William's reign and its benefits, but the obituary notice for William in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle condemns William in harsh terms. So I'm related to William the Conqueror - and David Cameron The legates ceremonially crowned William during the Easter court. At first, Alan of Brittany had custody of the duke, but when Alan died in either late 1039 or October 1040, Gilbert of Brionne took charge of William. records. The historian Frank Barlow points out that William had suffered from his uncle Mauger's ambitions while young and thus would not have countenanced creating another such situation. The king marched through Edwin's lands and built Warwick Castle. [105] William then turned his attention to the continent, returning to Normandy in early 1073 to deal with the invasion of Maine by Fulk le Rechin, the Count of Anjou. [15], William faced several challenges on becoming duke, including his illegitimate birth and his youth: the evidence indicates that he was either seven or eight years old at the time. Orderic Vitalis preserves a lengthy account, complete with speeches made by many of the principals, but this is likely more of an account of how a king should die than of what actually happened. [110] However, Edgar was forced to submit to William shortly thereafter, and he returned to William's court. Medieval writers criticised William for his greed and cruelty, but his personal piety was universally praised by contemporaries. The Norman conquest changed all that. worldwide traders. February 12, 1621. had two sons, both named John. Gray Coat of Arms and Gray Family Crest. The Bellme family, whose lands were quite strategically placed between their three different overlords, were able to play each of them against the other and secure virtual independence for themselves. There were other potential claimants, including the powerful English earl Harold Godwinson, whom Edward named as king on his deathbed in January 1066. of the duke of Suffolk, with Mary, daughter of Henry VII and the sister William I, byname William the Conqueror or William the Bastard or William of Normandy, French Guillaume le Conqurant or Guillaume le Btard or Guillaume de Normandie, (born c. 1028, Falaise, Normandy [France]died September 9, 1087, Rouen), duke of Normandy (as William II) from 1035 and king of England (as William I) from 1066, one of the greatest soldiers and rulers of the Middle Ages . Lady Jane Grey (r. 10-19 July 1553) The accession of Lady Jane Grey as Queen was engineered by the powerful Duke of Northumberland, President of the King's Council, in the interests of promoting his own dynastic line. Tostig appears to have received little local support, and further raids into Lincolnshire and near the River Humber met with no more success, so he retreated to Scotland, where he remained for a time. Edward was a leading citizen and Gray Family of Tiverton, RI. William the Conqueror | The British Library | The British Library [73], Harold's brother Tostig made probing attacks along the southern coast of England in May 1066, landing at the Isle of Wight using a fleet supplied by Baldwin of Flanders. Before we called him William the Conqueror, he had a much more ignoble nickname: William the Bastard. Edgar the theling also appears to have been given lands. Life dates 1025-1087. Next, he led his forces around the south and west of London, burning along the way. Edward had no heir, but requested William to be his heir apparent to the throne. David Gray of Tiverton was captured by the British during the war and Earl Edwin was betrayed by his own men and killed, while William built a causeway to subdue the Isle of Ely, where Hereward the Wake and Morcar were hiding. The surname Gray emerged as a notable Scottish family name in the county of Northumberland where they were recorded as a family of great antiquity seated with manor and estates in that shire. If John Tebbel is correct in his book "Turning The World Upside Down", The lands around Rouen became the core of the later duchy of Normandy. This made William's power more secure in northern France, but the new count of Flanders accepted Edgar the theling into his court. The story of her pure and beautiful [68] Meanwhile, another contender for the throne had emerged Edward the Exile, son of Edmund Ironside and a grandson of thelred II, returned to England in 1057, and although he died shortly after his return, he brought with him his family, which included two daughters, Margaret and Christina, and a son, Edgar the theling. Norsemen first began raiding in what became Normandy in the late 8th century. [114] Roger and Waltheof were kept in prison, where Waltheof was executed in May 1076. The difficulties over the succession led to a loss of authority in Normandy, with the aristocracy regaining much of the power they had lost to the elder William. who reigned briefly as an unwilling Queen, has attracted the attention Marcher Lords. children: Richard, baptized August 1608, buried October 9, 1613. [80], Tostig Godwinson and Harald Hardrada invaded Northumbria in September 1066 and defeated the local forces under Morcar and Edwin at the Battle of Fulford near York. [2] At an ecclesiastical council held in Lillebonne in 1080, he was confirmed in his ultimate authority over the Norman church. Some of William's Breton troops panicked and fled, and some of the English troops appear to have pursued the fleeing Bretons until they themselves were attacked and destroyed by Norman cavalry. In August and September 1079 King Malcolm of Scots raided south of the River Tweed, devastating the land between the River Tees and the Tweed in a raid that lasted almost a month. 1. [61] By 1050, however, relations between the king and the earl had soured, culminating in a crisis in 1051 that led to the exile of Godwin and his family from England. Andy Rhind-Tutt claims to have traced his family back to the Saxon . [58], The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, in the "D" version, states that William visited England in the later part of 1051, perhaps to secure confirmation of the succession,[59] or perhaps William was attempting to secure aid for his troubles in Normandy. He received from Robert the Castle and honor [123], Maine continued to be difficult, with a rebellion by Hubert de Beaumont-au-Maine, probably in 1084. Later English sources stated that Harold had been elected as king by the clergy and magnates of England. The Grays in Ireland, usually [64] William appointed a Norman to the bishopric of Le Mans in 1065. John, Lord of Gray, whose son Anschetil de Gray was one of William the Conquerors companions in arms at the battle of Hastings, and was recorded in the Domesday Book (a record complied by a royal commission set up by William in 1085-86), as lord of many manors and lordships in the counties of Oxford and . Andrew Morton Carr Descendant of the right-hand general Ker of William the Conqueror. By Easter, William was at Winchester, where he was soon joined by his wife Matilda, who was crowned in May 1068. in Northumberland. Gray Family History. William also required his newly created magnates to contribute fixed quotas of knights towards not only military campaigns but also castle garrisons. [71], Harold was crowned on 6 January 1066 in Edward's new Norman-style Westminster Abbey, although some controversy surrounds who performed the ceremony. We trace his journey from 1027 when he. Return to Newport County RIGenWeb Home Page. found in. of Gray have sprung, (IV) William de Grey and (V) Henry de Grey. Who Were William the Conqueror's Sons? | History Hit described in what is called the Grand Deed. [2] Knowledge of the events preceding his death is confused because there are two different accounts. William and Malcolm agreed to peace by signing the Treaty of Abernethy, and Malcolm probably gave up his son Duncan as a hostage for the peace. William, son of Ellery, who were obscure, possibly intentionally leaving Parish Registers of Stapleford Tawney, Essex Co., England, as printed at It was a fairly simple administrative system, built around the ducal household,[53] which consisted of a group of officers including stewards, butlers, and marshals. [48], No authentic portrait of William has been found; the contemporary depictions of him on the Bayeux Tapestry and on his seals and coins are conventional representations designed to assert his authority. [94] Both men were also named to earldoms fitzOsbern to Hereford (or Wessex) and Odo to Kent. There were probably other reasons for William's delay, including intelligence reports from England revealing that Harold's forces were deployed along the coast. This made Emma of Normandy his great-aunt and Edward the Confessor his cousin. [25], King Henry continued to support the young duke,[26] but in late 1046 opponents of William came together in a rebellion centred in lower Normandy, led by Guy of Burgundy with support from Nigel, Viscount of the Cotentin, and Ranulf, Viscount of the Bessin. [143] How abrupt and far-reaching the changes were is still a matter of debate among historians, with some such as Richard Southern claiming that the Conquest was the single most radical change in European history between the Fall of Rome and the 20th century. William also appointed deputies who could make decisions while he was absent, especially if the absence was expected to be lengthy. Hubert was besieged in his castle at Sainte-Suzanne by William's forces for at least two years, but he eventually made his peace with the king and was restored to favour. Scotland in the reign of Alexander II, (about 1130), and gave his allegiance Not all of the Normans who accompanied William in the initial conquest acquired large amounts of land in England. Between 1066 and 1072, William spent only 15 months in Normandy and the rest in England. [86] The English soldiers formed up as a shield wall along the ridge and were at first so effective that William's army was thrown back with heavy casualties. William "the Conqueror", king of England - Geni Thomas were sent to America by relatives who were scheming for the property [140][w], The immediate consequence of William's death was a war between his sons Robert and William over control of England and Normandy. Included among them were Robert of Belleme, William de Breteuil, and Roger, the son of Richard fitzGilbert. in time of war and helped build it in peacetime. He was opposed to King William's power on the continent, thus the Battle of Cassel upset the balance of power in northern France as well as costing William an important supporter. [20], The anarchy in the duchy lasted until 1047,[21] and control of the young duke was one of the priorities of those contending for power. [119] The king was at Gloucester for Christmas 1080 and at Winchester for Whitsun in 1081, ceremonially wearing his crown on both occasions. of Henry VIII. [63] No English source mentions a supposed embassy by Archbishop Robert to William conveying the promise of the succession, and the two Norman sources that mention it, William of Jumiges and William of Poitiers, are not precise in their chronology of when this visit took place. 1. [60], Count Herbert II of Maine died in 1062, and William, who had betrothed his eldest son Robert to Herbert's sister Margaret, claimed the county through his son. He took part in church councils and made several appointments to the Norman episcopate, including the appointment of Maurilius as Archbishop of Rouen. but found "himself bruished and bloody on the ground." An Angevin attack on Maine was defeated in late 1076 or 1077, with Count Fulk le Rechin wounded in the unsuccessful attack. [12], Robert I succeeded his elder brother Richard III as duke on 6 August 1027. In that year he gave Rhuthun to Reginald de Grey. Although some of his supporters tried to dissuade him from undertaking the journey, he convened a council in January 1035 and had the assembled Norman magnates swear fealty to William as his heir[2][15] before leaving for Jerusalem. Sometimes deputies were appointed to deal with specific issues. [88], Harold's body was identified the day after the battle, either through his armour or marks on his body.

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